State · MT · Region Midwest

Mato Grosso

Where the northern Pantanal, Cerrado and southern Amazon meet: jaguar safaris, sandstone plateaus and river lodges for wildlife-focused FIT and small groups.

Flag of Mato Grosso
CuiabáCapital
4Destinations
2Airports
Mato Grosso
Key figures
Area903,208 km²IBGE, 2025
Population3.66 millionIBGE Census, 2022
BiomesAmazon, Cerrado, PantanalIBGE, 2019
Size rank3rd largest state in BrazilIBGE, 2025

The state

Mato Grosso is Brazil's third-largest state and one of the few places where three major biomes meet: the Amazon rainforest in the north, the Cerrado on the central plateaus and the Pantanal wetlands in the southwest. Cuiabá, founded during the 1719 gold rush, keeps a distinctive regional culture of cururu and siriri music played on the viola de cocho, riverside fish cookery and Afro-Brazilian festivities, while the colonial first capital, Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, lies near the Bolivian border. Today the state is also a leading agribusiness region, which shapes its road network and business travel.

For agencies, Mato Grosso is the classic entry to the northern Pantanal: the Transpantaneira road from Poconé to Porto Jofre gives access to fazenda lodges and boat-based jaguar watching on the rivers of the Encontro das Águas area. It pairs naturally with Chapada dos Guimarães, less than two hours from Cuiabá, and with the clear-water springs of Nobres, and it suits FIT, photography and birding groups, and private family safaris. Logistics note: the state runs one hour behind Brasília, distances are long and unpaved stretches are common, so programs need experienced drivers and buffer time. Southern Amazon lodges are reached via Alta Floresta.

When to go

The dry season, roughly July to October, is the prime window for Pantanal wildlife and jaguar sightings as animals concentrate along the rivers; from about December to May the plains flood, landscapes turn green and wildlife disperses.

Timeline

  1. 1719

    The mining camp of Cuiabá is founded after gold is discovered, and it becomes a town (vila) in 1727.

  2. 1748

    The Captaincy of Mato Grosso is created by royal decree, separated from São Paulo.

  3. 1752

    Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade is founded on the Guaporé River as the captaincy's first capital.

  4. 1835

    The provincial capital is transferred from Vila Bela to Cuiabá.

  5. 1864-1870

    The Paraguayan War brings invasion and hardship to the province.

  6. 1961

    The Xingu Indigenous Park is created, a pioneering protected territory championed by the Villas-Bôas brothers.

  7. 1977

    The state is divided and its southern portion becomes Mato Grosso do Sul, effective in 1979.

  8. 1989

    Chapada dos Guimarães National Park is created to protect the sandstone escarpments near Cuiabá.

Landmarks

Pantanal Conservation Area UNESCO

Cluster of protected areas around the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park, straddling Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul.

Chapada dos Guimarães National Park

Red sandstone cliffs, caves and waterfalls such as Véu de Noiva on a plateau above Cuiabá.

Transpantaneira road

Dirt road from Poconé to Porto Jofre lined with lodges, wetlands and abundant birdlife.

Encontro das Águas State Park

River confluence area near Porto Jofre, the main base for boat-based jaguar watching.

Nobres

Limestone country with crystal-clear springs for snorkel floating, including the Aquário Encantado and the Lagoa Azul cave park.

Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade

The colonial first capital on the Guaporé River, near the Bolivian border, with a strong Afro-Brazilian heritage.

Xingu Indigenous Park

Large Indigenous territory in the north of the state, created in 1961 as a landmark of Brazilian Indigenous policy.

Festivals and events

Festa de São Benedito, Cuiabá

Afro-Brazilian religious festival at the Church of Nossa Senhora do Rosário e São Benedito, from late June into July, with records dating back to 1787.

Festança de Vila Bela

Held in July in honour of São Benedito, featuring the Congo and Chorado dances of the local Afro-Brazilian community.

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